RICHARD NEVILLE

Who was Richard Neville and why was he nicknamed The Kingmaker?

TIME-LINE AND ADDITIONAL FACTS ON RICHARD NEVILLE THE 16TH EARL OF WARWICK. RICHARD WAS NICKNAMED "THE KINGMAKER" HE WAS COUSIN TO BOTH HENRY VI AND EDWARD IV OF ENGLAND AND FATHER TO FUTURE QUEEN CONSORT ANNE NEVILLE, THE WIFE OF RICHARD III.

TIME-LINE OF RICHARD NEVILLE

1428

22ND NOVEMBER Richard Neville was born in at Bisham, Berkshire England the son of Richard Neville, 5th earl of Salisbury and Alice Montacute, 5th countess of Salisbury

1430

Lady Alice Neville, Richard’s younger sister is born

1431

John Neville, Richard’s younger brother is born.

1432

George, Richard’s younger brother is born.

1434

Richard was betrothed to Anne Beauchamp
Cecily Neville, Richard’s older sister married Henry de Beauchamp, 14th earl and 1st duke of Warwick.. Henry Beauchamp was the brother of Richard’s betrothed Anne Beauchamp

1438

Lady Eleanor, Richard’s sister is born

1442

Katherine, Richards younger sister is born

1443

Thomas, Richard’s brother is born

1444

lady Margaret, Richard’s sister is born.
23RD APRIL: King Henry VI of England married at Titchfield Abbey Margaret of Anjou

1445

22ND APRIL Richard becomes a knight at the coronation of Margaret of Anjou

1446

Cecily, Richard’s sister died

1449

Richard is created 16th earl of Warwick. after the death of Anne Beauchamp, Richard’s niece.
Richard is in the service of Henry VI of England
Cecily Richard’s sister married for a second time, to John Tiptoft, 1st earl of Worcester

1450

26TH JULY: Richard’s older sister Cecily died 15th countess of Warwick..

1451

5TH SEPTEMBER Isabel, Richards oldest daughter is born in Warwick. castle.
Richard’s sister Eleanor married Thomas Stanley

1452

When Richard,3rd Duke of York, unsuccessfully rose up against the king, both Richard and his father rallied to the side of King Henry VI

1453

JUNE Richard fell out with Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, after King Henry VI granted Somerset control of Glamorgan which had been held by Warwick as part of his Despenser heritage.
AUGUST King Henry VI suffered a mental breakdown and was unfit to rule. The Duke of Somerset, a favourite of King Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou took control of the government.
SEPTEMBER Richard was annoyed that his enemy, Somerset, had control and turned his favour to Richard Duke of York.
13TH OCTOBER King Henry VI of England’s and Margaret of Anjou son Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster. He was created Duke of Cornwall.

1454

27TH MARCH Richard’s uncle Richard 3rd Duke of York is made lord protector of the realm. during the mental breakdown of Henry VI of England
CHRISTMAS DAY: Henry VI regains his mental facilities

1455

Henry VI returns to power.
3rd MAY With the King under his control, Richard Duke of York became Protector of the realm again.
22ND MAY First Battle of St Albans. Richard is present. the battle between houses York and Lancaster, the location of St Albans in Hertfordshire, England. the start of the war of the roses.

Result Decisive Yorkist Victory

Richard is made the captain of Calais

1456

FEBRUARY Henry VI has full power now of his own realm
Richard is now Richard 3rd Duke of York main alley.
11TH JUNE Richard’s daughter Anne is born, who would be the future queen consort of Richard III of England

1457

Richard was recalled to Westminster to explain why he had attacked the Spanish and German ships when England was at war with neither country.

1458

Richard’s sister lady Katherine, married her first husband, William Bonville, 6th baron Harington of Aldingham
MAY Richard defeats a Spanish fleet in the English channel
After a brawl broke out between his men and members of the Royal household, Warwick, fearing that he may be murdered, fled to Calais.

1459

SEPTEMBER: Richard crossed over to England and made his way north to Ludlow to meet up with the Earl of Salisbury
23RD SEPTEMBER Battle Of Battle Of Blore Heath Richard’s brother John and his father Richard are present at the and were captured.
12TH OCTOBER Battle Of Ludford Bridge. Richard is present. the battle between Houses of York and Lancaster. location was by Ludford Bridge, south of Ludlow, in Shropshire, England. Richard is betrayed by Andrew Trollope.

Result Lancastrian Victory

1460

MARCH: Richard visited his uncle Richard 3rd Duke of York in Ireland.
George Richard’s brother is made lord chancellor of England
26TH JUNE Richard and Edward, Earl of March the eldest son of Richard land in England with an army, and march on London.
10TH JULY Battle Of Northampton: Richard is present. with his brother George between houses York and Lancaster. location, Northampton in Northamptonshire, England

Result Yorkist Victory

Richard was made lord warden of the cinque ports
25TH OCTOBER The Act Of Accord was passed by the English parliament. under the act, king Henry vi of England was to retain the crown for life but York and his heirs were to succeed, excluding Henry VI son Edward of Westminster. Henry VI was forced to agree to the act.

:30TH DECEMBER Battle Of Wake Field. between the houses of York and Lancaster. location Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England

Result Decisive Lancastrian Victory

Many of Richard’s family members are killed here. Richards uncle the Richard 3rd Duke of York and his son Edmund are killed.
Richard’s sister Katherine's, husband and father in law are executed after the battle by the Lancastrians. Richard’s brother and father are present at this battle, his father escapes however his brother Thomas is killed.
After the death of Richard 3rd Duke of York, George and Richard the duke’s sons go under Richards care.
31st DECEMBER: Richard’s father Richard Neville, 5th earl of Salisbury died.

1461

17TH FEBRUARY: Second Battle Of St Albans. Richard is present. between the houses of York and Lancaster. location St Albans in Hertfordshire, England Result Lancastrian Victory
Richard and Edward of York joined forces and marched towards London.
4TH MARCH Henry VI of England has been deposed and now Edward Earl of March, Richard’s cousin is king of England
28th MARCH: Battle Of Ferrybridge: Richard is present. between the houses of York and Lancaster. location Ferrybridge in Yorkshire, England

Result Indecisive

29TH MARCH: Battle Of Towton: Richard is present: between the houses of York and Lancaster: location near Towton in Yorkshire, England.

Result Decisive Yorkist Victory

28TH JUNE: The coronation of Edward IV of England

1462

6TH FEBRUARY Katherine Richard’s sister married for a second time to William Hastings1st baron Hastings. this marriage was arranged by Richard himself.
Richard has created Earl of Salisbury he also inherited his mother's land.
SUMMER: Richard was negotiating a truce with Scotland
9th SEPTEMBER: Richard’s older sister Joan died.
9th DECEMBER: Richard’s mother Alice Montacute, 5th countess of Salisbury died

1463

JANUARY Richard re-captured Alnwick and Bamburgh castle back from French troops of Margaret of Anjou
John Neville, Lord Montagu, Richard’s brother was made warden of the east march
MARCH Ralph Percy and northern nobles rose in support of Henry VI and took Northumberland and Norham. Richard returned to the north and took Norham but was unable to take Northumberland. Unable to put the rebellions down, Warwick negotiated a truce with France which would be sealed with the marriage of Edward IV to the French King’s sister. Without French support, the Lancastrians were unable to maintain there hold on the north. The leaders of the rebellion were executed.

1464

Richard tried to negotiate a French marriage for Edward IV of England, with King Louis XI sister in law bona, daughter of Louis, Duke of Savoy, this marriage would not happen
1ST MAY Edward IV of England secretly married Elizabeth Woodville.
SEPTEMBER Edward IV announced that he married the commoner, Elizabeth Woodville, this was the start of the break-in alliance between Richard and Edward IV of England. Richard is offended and embarrassed by the king’s choices in this marriage.

1465

George, Richard’s brother is made archbishop of York
24th JULY Richard escorts the captured deposed king Henry VI to the tower of London.

1466

SPRING was sent to the continent to carry out negotiations with the French and Burgundians. the negotiations centred around a marriage proposal involving King Edward IV sister Margaret

1467

JANUARY Mary Woodville married William Herbert nothing seems to have aggravated Warwick. more than the marriage of the lady Mary, the queen's sister
JULY Richard is now a deputy in Calais
OCTOBER Richard learned that King Edward had gone behind his back and signed a treaty with the Burgundians. Richard was frustrated and annoyed that Edward favoured his wife’s relatives rather than his trusted advisors
OCTOBER: Rumour goes around that Richard is sympathetic to the Lancastrians cause, however when called to court to answer, he refused to go. Instead, put his answer in writing. the king accepted his denial in writing

1469

APRIL Richard secretly organized a rebellion against Edward in the North. The rebellion was quickly put down by the Yorkists
11TH JULY Richard’s daughter Isabel married the George Plantagenet, duke of Clarence. Brother to King Edward IV.
there is a lot of growing discontent with Edward IV reign in England. Richard takes advantage of this and uses people’s discontent to his advantage.
the first rebellion against King Edward IV England. Richard is part of this rebellion. which Leeds to capture and imprisonment of the king.
26TH JULY: Battle Of Edgecote Moor: Richard is present: the battle between the houses of York and houses of Lancaster. The location is at Danes Moor in Northamptonshire, England. Richard raised an army of northern rebels led by Sir John Conyers, Edward’s cousin. They defeated a force of Welsh loyalists led by William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. Result Rebel Victory Edward IV England is captured at this battle. and then imprisoned at Middleham Castle in Wensleydale,
SEPTEMBER: Richard releases Edward iv from his custody as he was Failing to gain the support of the nobility and with the country descending into disorder Warwick was forced to release Edward
Richard appoints John Green as his deputy.

1470

MARCH: Richard and his son in law George Duke Clarence plan a rebellion against Edward IV again, the rebellion failed and they fled to France.
17TH APRIL: Richard’s daughter Isabel gives birth to a baby boy, but the baby dies at seas
13 TH SEPTEMBER: Richard and the Duke of Clarence at the head of an army returned to England and landed at Plymouth.
2ND OCTOBER Edward IV had fled to the Netherlands. Forced into exile.
3RD OCTOBER: Edward IV of England has been disposed and now Henry VI is back on the English throne.

Richard is made lord high admiral
Richard’s daughter Anne married Edward of Westminster in anger cathedral. Anne becoming the princess of wales

1471

14TH MARCH Edward IV returned to England, landing at Ravenspur in Yorkshire at the head of a Burgundian Yorkist army. He was joined by the Earl of Northumberland and his brother George Duke of Clarence who defected from Richard.
2ND APRIL George Duke of Clarence returns to support his brother Edward IV side, abandoning Richard.
11TH APRIL Henry VI is now deposed as king, and now Edward IV is back on the English throne
14TH APRIL: Richard was killed in the Battle of Barnet along with his younger brother John.

Richard Neville was buried in Bisham Abbey, Berkshire

EXTRA FACTS ON RICHARD NEVILLE

Richard Neville, was the 16th Earl of Warwick and was a military commander and nicknamed the “Kingmaker “He was given this title, due to his high pollical influence in in a Royal succession.

He was from the House of Neville, which was founded before 1129, they were an ancient Durham family, came to prominence in England's fourteenth-century wars against the Scots

Richard was a great, great grandson of Edward III of England, through his father’s bloodline and descendant of Edward I England through his mother’s bloodline.

Richard had no sons, only two daughters. Both of his daughters married Richard’s first cousins, Isabel married George Plantagenet Duke of Clarence, and Anne was to marry the future Richard III and become Queen consort of England, twelve years after her father’s death.

During the Wars of The Roses, Richard initially gave his support to the Yorkists, however when Edward IV married the Elizabeth Woodville, this triggered Richard to eventually change his alliances to The Lancastrians

Richard attempted to put Edward IV England’s brother George Duke of Clarence failed. George had joined forces with Richard, however, later George realised his loyalty to his father-in-law was misplaced and re-joined his brother Edward.

Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick., was Richard’s future grandson, who was imprisoned in the tower from being a young boy by Henry VII (Tudor) England and then executed in late 1499 by the same Tudor King.

Margaret (Pole) Plantagenet, was Richard’s granddaughter through his daughter Isabel. Margaret would be remembered to be the last Plantagenet who would be executed by the future Tudor King Henry VIII of England.

Lady Alice Neville, Richard’s younger sister was the great, grandmother of future queen consort Catherine Parr.

FAMILY TREE OF RICHARD NEVILLE

RICHARD NEVILLE

Who was Richard Neville and why was he nicknamed The Kingmaker?

TIME-LINE OF RICHARD NEVILLE

1428

22ND NOVEMBER Richard Neville was born in at Bisham, Berkshire England the son of Richard Neville, 5th earl of Salisbury and Alice Montacute, 5th countess of Salisbury

1430

Lady Alice Neville, Richard’s younger sister is born

1431

John Neville, Richard’s younger brother is born.

1432

George, Richard’s younger brother is born.

1434

Richard was betrothed to Anne Beauchamp

Cecily Neville, Richard’s older sister married Henry de Beauchamp, 14th earl and 1st duke of Warwick.. Henry Beauchamp was the brother of Richard’s betrothed Anne Beauchamp

1438

Lady Eleanor, Richard’s sister is born

1442

Katherine, Richards younger sister is born

1443

Thomas, Richard’s brother is born

1444

lady Margaret, Richard’s sister is born.

1445

22ND APRIL Richard becomes a knight at the coronation of Margaret of Anjou

1446

Cecily, Richard’s sister died

1449

Richard is created 16th earl of Warwick. after the death of Anne Beauchamp, Richard’s niece.

Richard is in the service of Henry VI of England

Cecily Richard’s sister married for a second time, to John Tiptoft, 1st earl of Worcester

1450

26TH JULY: Richard’s older sister Cecily died 15th countess of Warwick..

1451

5TH SEPTEMBER Isabel, Richards oldest daughter is born in Warwick. castle.

Richard’s sister Eleanor married Thomas Stanley

1452

When Richard,3rd Duke of York, unsuccessfully rose up against the king, both Richard and his father rallied to the side of King Henry VI

1453

JUNE Richard fell out with Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, after King Henry VI granted Somerset control of Glamorgan which had been held by Warwick as part of his Despenser heritage.

AUGUST King Henry VI suffered a mental breakdown and was unfit to rule. The Duke of Somerset, a favourite of King Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou took control of the government.

SEPTEMBER Richard was annoyed that his enemy, Somerset, had control and turned his favour to Richard Duke of York.

13TH OCTOBER King Henry VI of England’s and Margaret of Anjou son Edward was born at the Palace of Westminster. He was created Duke of Cornwall.

1454

27TH MARCH Richard’s uncle Richard 3rd Duke of York is made lord protector of the realm. during the mental breakdown of Henry VI of England

CHRISTMAS DAY: Henry VI regains his mental facilities

1455

Henry VI returns to power.

3rd MAY With the King under his control, Richard Duke of York became Protector of the realm again.

22ND MAY First Battle of St Albans. Richard is present. the battle between houses York and Lancaster, the location of St Albans in Hertfordshire, England. the start of the war of the roses.

Result Decisive Yorkist Victory

Richard is made the captain of Calais

1456

FEBRUARY Henry VI has full power now of his own realm

Richard is now Richard 3rd Duke of York main alley.

11TH JUNE Richard’s daughter Anne is born, who would be the future queen consort of Richard III of England

1457

Richard was recalled to Westminster to explain why he had attacked the Spanish and German ships when England was at war with neither country.

1458

Richard’s sister lady Katherine, married her first husband, William Bonville, 6th baron Harington of Aldingham

MAY Richard defeats a Spanish fleet in the English channel

After a brawl broke out between his men and members of the Royal household, Warwick, fearing that he may be murdered, fled to Calais.

1459

SEPTEMBER: Richard crossed over to England and made his way north to Ludlow to meet up with the Earl of Salisbury

23RD SEPTEMBER Battle Of Battle Of Blore Heath Richard’s brother John and his father Richard are present at the and were captured.

12TH OCTOBER Battle Of Ludford Bridge. Richard is present. the battle between Houses of York and Lancaster. location was by Ludford Bridge, south of Ludlow, in Shropshire, England. Richard is betrayed by Andrew Trollope.

Result Lancastrian Victory

1460

MARCH: Richard visited his uncle Richard 3rd Duke of York in Ireland.

George Richard’s brother is made lord chancellor of England

26TH JUNE Richard and Edward, Earl of March the eldest son of Richard land in England with an army, and march on London.

10TH JULY Battle Of Northampton: Richard is present. with his brother George between houses York and Lancaster. location, Northampton in Northamptonshire, England

Result Yorkist Victory

Richard was made lord warden of the cinque ports

25TH OCTOBER The Act Of Accord was passed by the English parliament. under the act, king Henry vi of England was to retain the crown for life but York and his heirs were to succeed, excluding Henry VI son Edward of Westminster. Henry VI was forced to agree to the act.

:30TH DECEMBER Battle Of Wake Field. between the houses of York and Lancaster. location Wakefield, in West Yorkshire, England

Result Decisive Lancastrian Victory

Many of Richard’s family members are killed here. Richards uncle the Richard 3rd Duke of York and his son Edmund are killed.

Richard’s sister Katherine's, husband and father in law are executed after the battle by the Lancastrians. Richard’s brother and father are present at this battle, his father escapes however his brother Thomas is killed.

After the death of Richard 3rd Duke of York, George and Richard the duke’s sons go under Richards care.

31st DECEMBER: Richard’s father Richard Neville, 5th earl of Salisbury died.