TIMELINE OF KING HENRY III OF ENGLAND

 

1207

• 1ST OCTOBER: Henry is born at Winchester Castle, Hampshire, the son of John I of England and his wife Isabella, Countess of Angouleme

• Henry was initially looked after by a wet nurse called Ellen in the south of England

1209

• 5TH JANUARY Henry's younger brother Richard is born

1210

• 22ND JULY: Henry's sister Joan of England is born

1212

• Henry's education was entrusted to Peter Des Roche's, the Bishop of Winchester.

1214

• Henry's sister: Isabella of England is born in Gloucester, England

1215

• 15TH JUNE Magna Carta libertatum (First Human Rights Laws) charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor

• Henry’s sister , Eleanor of Leicester, is born at Gloucester, Gloucestershire

1216

• 21ST MAY First Barons' War: Prince Louis of France, the future King Louis VIII, invades England in support of the barons, landing in Thanet. Entering London without opposition, he is proclaimed, but not crowned, King of England at Old St Paul's Cathedral.

• 14TH JUNE: Louis captured Winchester and soon controlled over half of the English kingdom

• 19TH OCTOBER: Henry's father “John I England” died and Henry is now king of England Duke of Aquitaine & lord of Ireland

• 28TH OCTOBER The  first coronation of Henry as king of England, the second of his name Henry was crowned by Cardinal Guala Bicchieri or
  Peter des Roches, Bishop of Winchester at Gloucester Cathedral.

• 12TH NOVEMBER The Magna Carta was revised at Henry's council at Bristol. William Marshal and the papal legate to England, Guala Bicchieri, issue a Charter of Liberties, based on the Magna Carta, in the new King of England's name

1217

• 20TH MAY The Second Battle Of Lincoln: A battle between England and France

      The result (English Victory)

• JULY: Henry's mothers Isabella, Countess of Angouleme leaves England, and returns to France leaving her children, Henry is left in the care of his protector and Regent William Marsha,

• 24TH AUGUST The Battle Of Sandwich, part of the First Barons', the war between Plantagenet's and French, the French fleet was attempting to bring supplies to Prince Louis, later King Louis VIII of France, whose French forces held London at that time. They got intercepted and led to this battle.

         The result (English Victory)

• A decree made in England establishes that only Englishmen can be clergy of Ireland

• 12TH SEPTEMBER The First Barons' War in England is ended by the Treaty of Kingston upon the Thames; The French and Scots are to leave England, and an amnesty is granted to rebels

• 20TH SEPTEMBER The Treaty of Lambeth AN is signed, ratifying the Treaty of Kingston.

1218

• Treaty Of Worcester: Peace Treaty Signed By Henry And Llewelyn The Great Of Wales. The Treaty Confirmed Llewelyn’s Ownership Of Lands In Wales.

1220

• 12TH MAY: Henry's mother Isabella, Countess of Angouleme, married for a second time to Hugh X De Lusignan,

• 17th MAY: The second coronation of Henry as king of England at Westminster Abbey. the pope allowed Henry to be crowned for a second time, using a new set of royal regalia, this ceremony was done by Stephen Langton, Archbishop of Canterbury.

• Trial by ordeal is abolished in England. Trial by ordeal was an ancient judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused was determined by subjecting them to a painful, or at least an unpleasant, usually dangerous experience. The test was one of life or death and the proof of innocence was survival.

• The rebuilding of York Minster, Salisbury Cathedral and London begins.

1221

• 21ST JUNE: Henry's sister Joan of England married,  Alexander II, King of Scots

• Henry's half-brother Hugh XI de Lusignan is born

1222

• Henry half-brother: Aymer De Valence is born

1224

• 23RD APRIL Henry's sister Eleanor of Leicester married William Marshal, 2nd earl of Pembroke son of his former regent William Marshall 1st earl Pembroke

• Henry's half-sister: Alice De Lusignan, is born in Lusignan, Vienne, France

1225

• Henry's brother Richard is made, “earl of Cornwall”

• Henry's half-sister: Isabella of Lusignan is born

• The Magna Carta is reaffirmed (for the third time) by Henry, in return for issuing a property tax

1226

• Nuneaton is granted a chartered market status, by Henry

1227

• Henry takes full control of the government of his realm.

• MARCH England makes a truce with France

1228

• Henry spent time at the palace of Woodstock

• Henry wrote to Pope Gregory IX to ask for permission to move his father’s remains from Worcester to Beaulieu Abbey

1230

• MAY: Henry travelled to Brittany

1231

• MARCH: Henry's brother Richard married Isabel Marshal, the daughter of Henry regent when young in his reign

1232

• Henry had built the Domus Conversorum, for Jews who had converted to Christianity

1534

• Henry Begins to rule in his own right.

1235

• JULY: Henry sister Isabella of England married Frederick II, holy roman emperor, in worms cathedral, and became queen consort of Germany, Sicily and the holy roman empire

• Henry spent time at the palace of Woodstock

1236

• 14TH JANUARY Henry married Eleanor of Provence at Canterbury Cathedral

• 20TH JANUARY  The coronation: of Eleanor of Provence,  Henry's wife. Eleanor was crowned by Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury.

1237

• 2ND FEBRUARY Henry's half elder sister Joan, lady of Wales died

• 25TH SEPTEMBER: The Treaty of York, it was between Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland it stated, that Northumberland, Cumberland, and Westmorland were subject to English sovereignty

1238

• 7TH JANUARY Henry's sister Eleanor of Leicester secretly married Simon De Montfort, 6th earl of Leicester

• 4TH MARCH Henry sister Joan died in the arms of her brothers  Henry and Richard of Cornwall at Havering-Atte-Bower

• Henry began work expanding the White Tower in the Tower of London.

1239

• The Barons' Crusade: Henry's brother Richard” Earl Cornwall”

• 17TH JUNE  Henry's eldest son and heir is born Edward, (The future Edward I England) at the palace of Westminster

• Henry introduced more different policies: Jewish leaders all over England were imprisoned and forced to pay fines equivalent to a third of their goods, and any outstanding loans were to be released, destroying the ability of the Jewish community to lend money commercially

• Netley Abbey is founded in England.

1240

• 29TH SEPTEMBER Henry s daughter Margaret of England, at Windsor Castle

1241

• Henry spends time at Woodstock and entertains Alexander. king of the Scots as well as the English nobility

• 29TH AUGUST Treaty of Gwerneigron, Which was a peace treaty signed by Henry III, king of England and Dafydd ap Llywelyn, Prince of Wales of the House of Gwynedd

• 1ST DECEMBER Henry's sister Isabella of England died at Foggia, Apulia, Italy

1242

• 24TH JUNE Henry's daughter Beatrice of England is born, at Bordeaux, France

• The Saintonge War. war between France and England: Louis IX is commander for the French, and Henry is commander for the English .Result ( French victory)

1243

• 23RD NOVEMBER Henry's brother Richard married for a second time to Sanchi of Provence, at Westminster Abbey

1245

• 16TH JANUARY Henry's son Edmund Crouchback is born in London, England

1246

• 4TH JUNE Henry's mother Isabella, Countess of Angouleme died at Fontevraud Abbey, France

• Henry's, eldest son and heir Edward is deathly ill

1247

• Henry's half-sibling came to England in hope to gain court positions

• Henry reformed the system of silver coin

• replacing older short cross silver pennies with a new long cross design

• Henry received the relic of the holy blood, from Jerusalem

1249

• SPRING University College, the first College at Oxford, is founded with money from the estate of William of Durham.

• Roger Bacon, who is Doctor Mirabilis, was an English philosopher. publishes a major scientific work, including writings of convex lens spectacles for treating long-sightedness, and the first publication of the formula for gunpowder in the western world.

1250

• 6TH APRIL Henry's half-brother, Hugh XI De Lusignan died

• Henry's half-brother Aymer De Valence becomes a bishop of Winchester

1251

• 26TH DECEMBER: Henry's daughter Margaret of England, at 11years old, married, King Alexander III of Scotland who was 10yearold. at York Minster,

1253

• The statute of Jewry passed in response to anti-Semitic feelings in England, it attempted to segregate the Jews, including imposing the wearing of a Jewish badge to identify them.

• The Domus Conversorum, a building and institution in London for Jews who had converted to Christianity, is established by Henry.

• Henry meets with English nobles and church leaders to reaffirm the validity of the Magna Carta.

• 6TH AUGUST Expedition by Henry to Gascony to repel a rumoured invasion from Castile. Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester, returns from Gascony to England where he allies himself with barons who oppose Henry.

• Pope Innocent IV offers Sicily to Edmund, Henry's son.

• 25TH NOVEMBER Henry's daughter Katherine of England is born, at Westminster Palace, Westminster

1254

• 1ST NOVEMBER Prince  Edward, Henry's son, marries Eleanor of Castile at the Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas, Burgos.  Henry has demanded the marriage, in exchange for ending the war with her brother Alfonso X of Castile.

• In England, an important step in the evolution of the Parliament and Peerage occurs, as lesser barons are replaced, on the King's Council, by elected representatives from shires and cities.

1255

• Henry's son Edmund of Crouchback invested ruler of the kingdom of Sicily

• A survey of royal privileges is conducted, which is included in the Hundred Rolls, an English census seen as a followup to the Domesday Book completed in 1086; the Hundred Rolls is later completed with two larger surveys, in 1274/1275 and 1279/1280.

1256

• 9TH FEBRUARY Henry's half-sister Alice de Lucigenin died in childbirth at Warren, Sussex, England

1257

• 13TH JANUARY Henry's younger brother, Richard is elected king of Germany

• 3RD MAY Henri daughter, Katherine of England died, at Windsor Castle.

• 27TH MAY Henry's younger brother’s coronation as Richard king of Germany first of his name

• Matthew Paris, an English historian, personally interviews Henry for an entire week, while compiling his major work of English history, Chronica Majora.

• Henry orders the production of a twenty pence English coin of pure gold, the first high-denomination coin minted in England, and the first to use gold. Unfortunately for King Henry, the bullion value of the coins is about 20% higher than the nominal face value, leading to poor circulation, as coins are melted down by individuals for their gold content.

1258

• The provisions of oxford introduced, by Simon De Montfort, 6th earl of Leicester (Henrys brother in law) are often regarded as England's first written constitution this forced Henry to work with a new form of government

• Papacy threatened Henry with excommunication

1259

• 4TH DECEMBER Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy), in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels

1260

• 22ND JANUARY Beatrice of England, married John II, duke of Brittany

• 5TH DECEMBER Henry's half-brother Aymer De Valence died at Paris

1261

• 12TH JUNE Henry obtains a papal bull releasing him from his oath to maintain the Provisions of Oxford, setting the stage for the Second Barons' War (1263–1267

1263

• 13TH JULY Henry's wife Eleanor of Provence is attacked by citizens of London

1264

• 23RD JANUARY  King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a settlement between King Henry and barons led by Simon De Montfort, heavily favoring the former, which leads to the Second Barons' War.

• FEBRUARY: Henry returned to England

• (1264-67): the second barons' war led by Henrys brother in law Simon De Montfort, Henry and his son prince Edward (Future Edward I of England) are commanders for the royalists.

• 14TH MAY The Battle Of Lewes (part of the barons war)Henry along with his son prince Edward, and his brother Richard of Cornwall are commanders for the royal, Simon De Montfortis leader for the barons

        (Result Baronial Victory) Henry is captured with his   son and taken hostage

1265

• MAY 28TH: Henry’s son Edward escape his captives and begins getting support, while the leader of the barons Simon De Montfort was dwindling

• Simon De Montfort summons the first directly elected English parliament

• 4TH AUGUST: The Battle Of Evesham, which was part of the barons war. Prince Edward (Future Edward I England) is commander for royalist, and Simon De Montfort as the leader for the barons was killed here

      Result(Royal Victory)

1266

• JULY Mary de Ferrers is ordered to surrender land and Liverpool Castle to Edmund, second son of Henry

• OCTOBER In England, the Second Barons' War winds down, as supporters of the slain rebel leader Simon de Montfort make an offer of peace to the king, in the Dictum of Kenilworth; after slight modifications to the peace settlement, it is agreed to the following year.

1267

• 29TH SEPTEMBER: The Treaty Of Montgomery: by which Llywelyn Ap Gruffudd was acknowledged as the prince of wales by Henry

• 19TH NOVEMBER The Statute of Marlborough: was a set of laws passed by Henry

1269

• 9TH APRIL Henry's son Edmund married Aveline de forz, countess of Aumale

• 16TH JUNE Henry's brother Richard married for a third time to Beatrice of Falkenberg at Kaiserslautern

• Henry organized a grand ceremony to rebury Edward the confessor in a lavish new shrine, personally, helping to carry the body to its new resting place. at Westminster abbey, England

• To finance his crusade, prince Edward obtains the right to levy a twentieth of the value of the Church’s wealth in England. That sum turns out to be insufficient, and Edward has to borrow to reach his target

1270

• Henry's health began to fade

1271

• The Ninth Crusade: Henrys son prince Edward is among the leaders in this

1272

• 2ND APRIL Richard 1st Earl of Cornwall died at Berkhamsted castle, Hertfordshire, England

• 16TH NOVEMBER Henry died at Westminster, London aged sixty-five years.

 

Henry was buried in Westminster Abbey in front of the church's high altar, in the former resting place of Edward the Confessor. A few years later, work began on a grander tomb for the King and in 1290 Edward 1st England, moved his father's body to its current location in Westminster Abbey