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ANNE QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN

ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN

TIMELINE AND ADDITIONAL FACTS ON ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, THE DAUGHTER  OF A KING, JAMES II,  THE NIECE  OF A KING, CHARLES II AND THE SISTER OF QUEEN, MARY II. ANNE WAS THE LAST IN LONG LINE OF STUARTS TO BE MONARCH OF THE BRITISH THRONE.

TIME-LINE OF ANNE QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN

1665
  • 6TH FEBRUARY: Anne Stuart, was born at 11:39 P.M in St James's palace, Westminster, the second daughter of the future king James II of great Britain and his first wife Anne Hyde.
  • Mary is one of her sister Anne’s God parents at her baptism, along with Anne Scott, 1st duchess of Buccleuch and the archbishop of Canterbury, Gilbert Sheldon
1667
  • 22ND MAY: Anne’s younger brother Charles, duke of Kendal, died.
1668
  • Anne suffered form an eye condition, for medical treatment, she was sent to France, where she lived with her paternal grandmother, Henrietta Maria of France, at the Château De Colombes near Paris
1669
  • 10TH SEPTEMBER: Anne’s grandmother, Henrietta Maria of France died.
  • Anne lived with an Aunt, Henrietta Anne, Duchess of Orléans after the death of her grandmother Henrietta Maria of France.
1670
  • 4TH JULY: Henrietta Maria of France died, Anne’s aunt suspected poison.
  • Anne returns to England from France
  • 21ST AUGUST: Anne’s half-brother James Fitz James, 1st duke of Berwick is born
1671
  • 31ST MARCH; Anne’s mother, Anne Hyde died at St James's palace, London, mary died of breast cancer.
  • 8TH JUNE: Anne’s brother edger, duke of Cambridge died
  • Anne first made the acquaintance of Sarah Jennings,
1673
  • 6TH AUGUST: Henry Fitz James, Anne’s half illegitimate brother is born
  • Sarah Jennings entered court as maid of honour to Anne’s father James’s second wife, Mary of Modena.
  • NOVEMBER: Anne’s father James married his second wife Mary of Modena
1674
  • 9TH DECEMBER: Edward Hyde, 1st earl of Clarendon, Anne’s grandfather died.
1675
  • Sarah Jennings, maid of Honour became close to the young Princess Anne
1677
  • 4TH NOVEMBER: Anne’s sister Mary and William of Orange were married at St James's palace by bishop Henry Compton. Mary is now titled “her highness the princess of Orange
  • Anne is ill with smallpox and cannot attend her sister Mary’s wedding
  • Lady Henrietta Hyde , becomes Anne new governess, Anne and Henrietta would clash over many issues
1678
  • Tories and the whigs political party are both founded.
  • NOVEMBER: Anne and her stepmother Mary of Modena visited her sister Mary in Holland for two weeks.
1679
  • MARCH: Anne’s father James duke of York and her stepmother retired to Brussels
1680
  • DECEMBER : Anne’s visits her second cousin George of Hanover (her eventual successor
1681
  • JULY: Anne joined her father and stepmother at Holyrood  palace in Edinburgh
1682
  • MAY: Anne leaves the company of her father and step mother at Holyrood palace in Edinburgh.
1683
  • 28TH JULY: Bishop Compton officiated the wedding of Anne and George of Denmark. Anne is titled now her royal highness the princess Anne of Denmark. the guests included king Charles II, Queen Catherine, and the Duke and duchess of York. Anne was voted a parliamentary allowance of £20,000 a year, while George received £10,000 a year from his Danish estates
  • Charles II gave the cockpit, in the palace of Whitehall as their London residence to Anne.
  • Sarah Churchill (Jennings) was appointed one of Anne’s ladies of the bedchamber.
1684
  • 1ST JANUARY: George, Anne’s husband is made a knight of the garter.
  • 12TH MAY: Anne gives birth to a still born daughter.
1685
  • 6TH FEBRUARY: Charles II of England is dead and James Anne’s father is king of Great Britain
  • 23RD APRIL: The coronation of James as king of Great Britain.
  • 2ND JUNE: Anne’s daughter Mary is born
1686
  • 12TH MAY: Sophia Anne’s daughter is born at Windsor castle
1687
  • 21ST JANUARY: Anne experiences a miscarriage. Anne ‘s husband George catches small pox.
  • 2ND FEBRUARY: Sophia, Anne’s daughter died
  • 8TH FEBRUARY: Anne’s daughter Mary died at Windsor castle.
  • Anne’s husband George returned to Denmark for a two-month visit
  • 22ND OCTOBER: Anne gives birth to a still born son.
1688
  • 10TH JUNE: Anne’s half-brother James Francis Edward, prince of Wales is born
  • The Glorious Revolution. This was the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III, Prince of Orange
  • 5TH NOVEMBER: William of Orange arrives in England in the port of Brixham.
  • Anne and her closest friend, Sarah, lady Churchill were imprisoned in the cockpit during the glorious revolution they both shortly escaped . they stay one night with Henry Compton beforehand, then head toward Nottingham.
  • 24TH NOVEMBER George’s Anne’s husband , abandoned his support of king James, and joined William of Orange’s side.
  • 1ST DECEMBER: Anne and Sarah arrive at Nottingham
  • 11TH DECEMBER: James, Anne’s father is no longer king of England, now Mary and her husband William of Orange are king and Queen of Great Britain.
  • 15TH DECEMBER: Anne arrived at Oxford
  • 19TH DECEMBER: Anne returned to London, where she was at once visited by William of Orange.
1689
  • 11TH APRIL: The coronation of Mary and her husband William of Orange as king and Queen of Great Britain.
  • 24TH JULY: Anne’s son William is born at Hampton court palace
  • 16TH DECEMBER The bill of rights is passed in parliament
1690
  • Anne and her husband George take residence Campden House, a Jacobean mansion
1692
  • Anne came to live at Syon with her close friends, the Charles Seymour, 6th duke of Somerset and family, after being dismissed from the royal court by her sister Queen Mary because of a disagreement of keeping Sarah Churchill in her service.
  • APRIL: Mary gives birth to another still born child. Queen Mary comes to visit her, not to offer her condolences but took the opportunity to berate Anne once again for her friendship with Sarah. the sisters never saw each other again
  • 28TH JUNE: Anne’s half sister Louisa Maria Teresa Stuart is born
  • Anne moved to Berkeley house in Piccadilly, London,
1693
  • MARCH: Anne gives birth to another still, born daughter.
1694
  • 28TH DECEMBER: Queen Mary II of England died at Kensington palace, London of small pox. leaving her husband king William III to rule alone but without an heir. since he is also without a royal hostess, Anne is summoned back to court.
1695
  • King William (Orange) restored Anne’s previous hon ours and allowed her to reside in St James's palace
  •  5TH MARCH:The Funeral of Mary the II of England who was buried in Westminster Abbey, London
1696
  • 6TH JANUARY Anne’s son Prince William, becomes Knight of the Garter
1698
  • 15TH SEPTEMBER: Anne gives birth to a still born son
1700
  • 24TH JANUARY: Anne gives birth to a still born son, this was Anne’s final pregnancy.
  • 30TH JULY: Anne’s son prince William, duke of Gloucester died at Windsor castle.
1701
  • The Act Of Settlement is an act of the parliament of England that was passed in parliament, that the succession to the English and Irish crowns on protestants only
  • 9TH JULY The beginning of the Wars of the Spanish Succession England, the Dutch Republic and the Holy Roman Empire declare war on France as part of the Grand Alliance
  • 16TH SEPTEMBER : Anne’s father the deposed James II of England, dies in exile at The Château De Saint-Germain-En-Laye in France.
1702
  • 8TH MARCH: King William is dead and now Anne is queen of Great Britain. George, Anne’s husband was the chief mourner at William ’s funeral
  • 11TH MARCH: Anne gives her first speech to parliament
  • Charles Seymour, 6th duke of Somerset is appointed Anne’s master of the horse.
  • 17TH APRIL : Anne appoints her husband George lord high admiral,
  • 23RD APRIL: Anne's coronation, as queen of Great Britain. afflicted with gout, she was carried to Westminster Abbey in an open sedan chair, with a low back to permit her train to flow out behind her.
  • Sarah Jennings is created Mistress of the Robes (the highest office in the royal court that could be held by a woman), Groom of the Stole, Keeper of the Privy Purse, and Ranger of Windsor Great Park.
  • Anne and her husband George, visited the spa town of Bath, Somerset on the advice of George’s doctors. George had recurrent asthma, and the cleaner air in the country was better for his breathing.
  • John Closterman paints whole-length portrait of Anne around this timr.
  • JULY General election results in victory for the Tories
  • Anne offered John Churchill a dukedom, which Sarah initially refused. Sarah was concerned that a dukedom would strain the family's finances; a ducal family at the time was expected to show off its rank through lavish entertainmentsAnne countered by offering the Marlboroughs a pension of £5000 a year, for life, from Parliament, as well as an extra £2000 a year from the Privy Purse, and they accepted the Dukedom
  • 14TH DECEMBER – John Churchill is created Duke of Marlborough.
1703
  • Anne and her husband George, visited again the spa town of Bath, Somerset on
1704
  • Queen Anne's bounty was a scheme established to augment the incomes of the poorer clergy of the church of England
  • 1ST-3RDAUGUST Capture of Gibraltar
  • 13TH AUGUST Battle of Blenheim. Which was Part of the War of the Spanish Succession. Location Blindheim (English.: Blenheim), near Höchstädt, Bavaria, Germany.
  • Anne commissioned work to Kensington Palace
  • Abigail Masham, Baroness Masham became one of her Ladies of the Bedchamber
1705
  • FEBRUARY Anne granted John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, the Park of Woodstock and promised a sum of £240,000 to build a suitable house
  • 16TH APRIL: Anne knights sir Isaac Newton. Issac's Newton an English mathematician, astronomer, and physicist
1706
  • FEBRUARY – Regency Act (backdated to 1705) requires the senior officers of state to proclaim the next Protestant heir (at this time, Sophia of Hanover) as successor to the English throne on the death of Queen Anne
  • Queen Anne's county, Maryland, is founded and named in honour ofAnne
  • 22ND JULY – Treaty of Union provides for England and Scotland to be merged into the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707
1707
  • 16TH JANUARY – The Parliament of Scotland passes the Union with England Act.
  • 1ST MAY – England becomes part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain as a result of the 1706 Treaty of Union that was ratified by the Acts of Union and merges the Parliaments of England and Scotland to form the Parliament of Great Britain. The Equivalent, a sum of £398,000, is paid to Scotland by the English government.
1708
  • 11TH MARCH – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
  • 30TH APRIL–7TH JULY – general election held to return members to serve in the House of Commons of the second Parliament of Great Britain, the first after the merger of the Parliaments of England and Scotland in 1707. The election results in a victory for the Whigs.
  • 1ST MAY – the Privy Councils of England and Scotland are merged into the Privy Council of Great Britain
  • 12TH AUGUST – 10TH DECEMBER Siege of Lille. Part of the War of the Spanish Succession. Location Lille, France.
  • 13TH NOVEMBER: Anne’s husbandGeorge died at died at 1:30 p.m. in Kensington palace, London, aged fifty-five years.
  • Sarah Churchill arrived, uninvited, at Kensington Palace to find Anne with the prince's body. She pressed the heartbroken Queen to move from Kensington to St James's Palace in London, which Anne bluntly refused, and instead commanded Sarah to call Abigail Masham to attend her. Aware that Abigail was gaining more influence with Anne, Sarah disobeyed her, and instead scolded her for grieving over Prince George's death. Although Anne eventually submitted and allowed herself to be taken to St James's Palace,
  • 13TH NOVEMBER: George Anne ‘s husband is buried in Westminster abbey London.
1709
  • 11TH SEPTEMBER Battle of Malplaquet. Part of the War of the Spanish Succession. Location Malplaquet, France.
1710
  • Queen Anne's Revenge was a fully rigged ship, most famously used as a flagship by the pirate Blackbeard was believed to be built in Bristol around this time. One year later she was captured by the French and renamed La Concorde de Nantes. She was captured by Blackbeard and his pirates in 1717.
  • APRIL Anne sees Sarah Churchill for the last time
  • Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset, close friends of Anne becomes Mistress of the Robes
1711
  • The Board of First Fruits established by Anne which was anwas an institution of the Church of Ireland aimed at build and improve churches and glebe houses in Ireland
1712
  • 1ST JANUARY – War of the Spanish Succession: Peace congress opens at Utrecht.
  • 24TH JULY – War of the Spanish Succession: At the Battle of Denain, the French defeat a combined Dutch-Austrian force following the withdrawal of British troops
1713
  • 27TH MARCH – First Treaty of Utrecht between Britain and Spain. Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca
  • 11TH APRIL – Second Treaty of Utrecht signed between Britain and France ending the War of the Spanish Succession. France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts
1714
  • 14TH APRIL – Queen Anne performs the last touching for the "King's evil
  • 19TH MAY – Queen Anne refuses to allow members of the House of Hanover to settle in Britain during her lifetime
  • JUNE: Anne sends an angry letter to her cousin and heir Sophia of Hanover
  • 8TH JUNE: Sophia of Hanover Anne’s heir to the throne died, now her son George is the next in line of succession.
  • 27TH JULY Anne Dismissed Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford from his office of lord high treasurer, and three days later gave the staff to the Duke of Shrewsbury.
  • 1ST OF AUGUST: Anne Queen of Great Britain died at Kensington palace, Middlesex, at the age of forty-nine.
On The 24th August 1714, Anne Queen Of Great Britain Was Buried In Westminster Abbey
Coat of arms of Anne as Queen of Great Britain from 1707 to 1714
Half-crown coin of Queen Anne, 1708. The inscription reads in Latin: ANNA DEI GRATIA (Anne by the Grace of God).

EXTRA FACTS ON ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN

  • Anne Stuart was Queen of Great Britain, for fifteen years.

 

  • Anne was from the house of Stuart. she was the daughter of the deposed James the II of Great Britain. Also a sister to Queen Mary II of Great Britain. Anne was the last from the House of Stuart on the English throne.

 

  • As a young child, Anne suffered from an eye condition, which manifested as excessive watering known as "defluxion". For medical treatment, she was sent to France, where she lived with her paternal grandmother, Henrietta Maria of France.

 

  • Anne and her sister Mary, were brought up under the protestant religion, this was under the instructions of their uncle Charles II of England . Henry Compton, was entrusted with the care of Anne and her sister Mary’s education. Anne would later as Queen make Henry a member of her privy council.

 

  • Anne adopted the motto semper eadem ("always the same"), the same motto used by Queen Elizabeth I.

 

  • Anne’s husband, Prince George of Denmark, did not do her credit. He was known as lazy and alcoholic. However, when He died, Anne was in deep mourning with grief. Sarah Jennings, Her close friend, removed painting of Anne’s late husband which added more resentment to their already strained friendship.

 

  • In general Anne and her husband spent the winter at Kensington and St James's Palaces, and the summer at Windsor Castle or Hampton Court Palace, where the air was fresher

 

  • Sarah Jennings later known as Duchess of Marlborough, was a close friendfrom Anne’s childhood. Sarah became a powerful influence and then a potential dangerous enemy to have inthe court of Queen Anne. Many at court even felt the relationship between Sarah and Queen was seemingly unhealthy. It was Sarah who persuaded Anne to side with the Protestant ruler William III of Orange, stadtholder of the Netherlands, when William overthrew James II in 1688. Anne and Sarah would give each other pet names and also talk on a level as if equals. Sarah did not want anyone to take her place in position of influence, and later would insinuate when she felt threatened, that Queen Anne’s relationship with other female courtier was quite uncomfortable. Sarah kept letters of evidence of what she said about the Queen. Sarah  eventually went to far with her approach with Anne and was  banished from court completely.

 

  • Queen Anne style furniture – A furniture style popular at the beginning of the 18th century. Lighter and more graceful than its predecessors, its distinguishing characteristics included its curvilinear design, cabriole-style legs, and scallop-shell carvings.

 

  • Politically, Anne's reign was marked by the development of the two party system, with Whigs and Tories competing for power. Anne hoped to rule through mixed ministries, but in 1708 the Whigs became dominant. In 1710 there was a major shift to the Tories, which lasted until her death.

 

 

  • Anne all told had nineteen pregnancies and was plagued by ill health throughout her life, and from her thirties, she grew increasingly lame and obese. However, by the time she was widowed, she had no living heir. Sophie, Anne’s cousin was named her next in line heir. Sophia was the granddaughter of James VI of Scotland. Sophia died few months before Anne and then George, Sophia’s son was named to be Anne’s successor. George was from the German dynasty of Hanover

THE FAMILY TREE OF ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN
Statue of Anne in front of St Paul's Cathedral, London
Engraving of William and Mary
Anne with her son Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, in a painting from the school of Sir Godfrey Kneller, circa 1694
Anne with her husband, Prince George of Denmark, painted by Charles Boit, 1706
Portrait from the school of John Closterman, circa 1702

FICTIONAL PORTRAYALS OF ANNE, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN

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